Anti-migraine ingredients = Anti-inflammatory ingredients
No.12 FENNEL
CUCUMBER ANTI-MIGRAINE PROPERTIES: ANTI-INFLAMMATORY + ANTIOXIDANT + ANTI-SPASMODIC
As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory vegetable, it contains vitamin C, beta-carotene, anethole and limonene (phytochemicals). Fennel is a carminative, and can aid in the prevention of gas. Its antispasmodic properties are also useful for calming your stomach down.
Medicinal Uses of Fennel
A February 2011 article appearing in "Molecules" examined the chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three varieties of fennel: Foeniculum vulgare azoricum, Foeniculum vulgare dulce and Foeniculum vulgare vulgare. Analysis of the essential oils disclosed the existence of 18 major monoterpenoids, the purposed biologically active components of the oils, but their proportions in each were immensely dissimilar. The study found that essential oils from the azoricum and dulce varieties were more effective antioxidants than that from vulgare. Antimicrobial activities of each oil were determined using two species of fungi and four species of bacteria, and the researchers concluded that all three showed similar antimicrobial activity.
Powdered Fennel for the Treatment of Diarrhea
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most frequent causes of bacterial diarrhea in the world and is associated with the occurrence of Guillain-Barré syndrome, and inducing diseases partly through its ability to adhere to the intestinal wall. A study published in the January 2011 issue of "Phytotherapy Research" investigated drug-resistant strains of C. jejuni against standard antibiotics and herbal medications. Twenty-one herbal extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against this pathogen, including ginger, cayenne pepper, licorice and fennel. The researchers found no significant activity in combating the adhesive characteristics of the bacteria using fennel for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders caused by C. jejuni.
Anti-Cancer Effects of Fennel
Anethole, a major constituent of fennel, is known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. In a study appearing in the January 2011 issue of "Biological and Pharmacological Bulletin," researchers evaluated anti-metastatic and toxic effects of anethole on highly-metastatic human tumor cells. The study found that despite weak cytotoxicity against the cells, anethole inhibited the adhesive and invasive activities of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, anethole suppressed the enzymatic-regulated activities necessary for cancer cell multiplication. Taken together, the study's findings indicate that anethole is a potent anti-metastatic drug.
Fennel Treatment of Thrush
Oral microbiota, resident organism of the mouth, is related to interactions of bacteria with yeasts. Therefore, it is important for medicinals used in the treatment of oral diseases to have anti-fungal properties as well. A study in the July 2010 issue of the "Indian Journal of Dental Research" evaluated the anti-fungal efficacy of Foeniculum vulgare on Candida albicans, the causative agent of thrush. Powdered fennel was used to treat cases of thrush and anti-fungal properties by inhibition of Candida albicans reproduction. The researchers found that fennel showed potential as a cheap and convenient adjuvant to enhance pharmaceutical anti-fungal products.
As an aphrodisiac, fennel might be most useful to women. It is notably high in phytoestrogens, natural estrogen-like chemicals found in plants. In fact, in the 1930’s, fennel was considered to be used as a source for synthetic estrogen.
Throughout history, fennel was linked with healthy circulation, improved vision and inflammation reduction. In Ancient Greece, fennel was called marathon for its association with strength, longevity and courage.
Pliny the Elder, the legendary Roman scientist and scholar, promoted fennel’s medicinal properties and recommended approximately two-dozen remedies using fennel. By medieval times, fennel was not only used as a curative, but was coveted for a believed ability to protect against witchcraft and evil spirits.
Today, we know that fennel offers a number of phytonutrients that promote antioxidant activity in the body (the source of it’s anti-inflammatory effects). It is a source of manganese, calcium, magnesium, iron and fiber, all of which are important for libido and longevity. The vitamin C found in fennel bulbs is shown to be antimicrobial and is not only useful for it’s anti-aging properties, but may also be useful in boosting the immune system.
The variety of fennel most commonly used in cooking is called Florence fennel. The plant’s feathery fronds resemble dill and are used similarly as a seasoning in Mediterranean dishes. The stalks are fibrous like celery and make an excellent seasoning for soups and stocks. The bulb, which contains the most nutrients, can be thinly sliced and served raw, sautéed, grilled or roasted.
But it is as a spice that we are most familiar with the flavor of fennel. The vegetable’s seeds are a prominent flavoring in Italian sausage, Mediterranean stews and even, occasionally, in artisan breads. Ground into a powder, fennel seeds are also a key ingredient in complex, Indian spice mixes and in Chinese five-spice powder.
A hot trend in recent years is fennel pollen. It is collected from the flowers of wild fennel, dried and sold in tins through gourmet retailers. Rub it on fish before grilling, finish a pasta dish or dust a salad with this subtle, anise-like flavoring.
Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/377835-the-medicinal-use-of-fennel/#ixzz25MpNLl5C
More info: http://www.chezchicas.com/Chez_Chicas/Anti-migraine_ingredients.html
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